Scale-out adds performance by adding controller pairs, but forces unnecessary hardware spend when only capacity is needed. Combining independent scale-up and scale-out is the architecture that makes composable storage possible.

Enterprise storage has two independent requirements: capacity and performance. Scale-up-only architectures struggle to address both – hitting metadata and DRAM ceilings before either dimension is adequately satisfied.

Active/passive architecture limits a storage array to 50% of its available controller performance – and costs more per unit of throughput than a true active/active design.

When flash eliminated mechanical latency, the bottleneck moved – from the persistence layer to the controllers. Deduplication and data reduction now place crushing demands on controller CPU and DRAM.

Hybrid flash arrays promise the best of disk and flash, but they exist only to bridge a gap that is already closing. This article uses the hybrid electric vehicle as a lens to argue that HFAs are a transitory solution – and that the gap is closing faster than they can fill it.

Should an all flash array use commodity SSDs or custom flash modules? This article compares the two architectures across time-to-market, economics of scale and design agility – and explains why the answer isn't as obvious as it might seem.

All flash array vendors quote capacity in three very different ways – raw, usable and effective. This article explains the differences, warns against vendor smoke and mirrors, and argues that usable capacity at 1:1 reduction is the only figure that matters when buying.

Filling a legacy disk array with SSDs doesn't make it a true all flash array. This article builds a disk array from first principles to show why every architectural decision made for disk turns out to be the wrong one for flash.

All flash arrays come in three distinct categories: hybrid, SSD-based and ground-up designs. This article explains the differences, cuts through competing industry definitions from IDC and Gartner, and sets out a clear definition for what actually qualifies as an AFA.